What dua should I make when there is extreme weather?

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be on him) said:

In very hot weather delay the Zuhr prayer till it becomes [a bit] cooler because the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell-fire. The fire of Hell complained to its Lord saying: O Lord! I’m eating myself. So Allah allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter and the other in the summer. The breath in the summer is at the time when you feel the severest heat and the breath in the winter is at the time when you feel the severest cold. (Bukhari)

The severe weather in winter and summer is from hell. It is reminder to us when we have extremely hot weather to say I seek refuge from the heat of hellfire, and also when we have cold weather to seek refuge from hell.

Hell is not just hot. It has a variety of punishments. One is fire, which is dominant, but there is also freezing cold. One reason for this is that jinn are created from fire, so freezing cold is their punishment.

Dua to be read on a hot day

لا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ مَا أَشَدَّ حَرَّ هٰذَا الْيَوْمِ ، اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِيْ مِنْ حَرِّ جَهَنَّمَ

La ilaha illallahu, ma ashadda harra hadhal yawm, allahuma ajirni min harri jahannam

There Is No Deity Except Allah. How Hot Is This Day! O Allah, Protect Me From The Heat Of Jahnnam

Dua for severely cold day

لاَ إلٰهَ إلَّا اللّٰهُ مَا أشَدَّ بَرْدَ هٰذَا الْيَومِ ألَلّٰهُمَّ أَجِرْنِيْ مِنْ زَمْهَريْرِ جَهَنَّمْ

‘La ilaha illalallah ma ashadda barda hadhal yawmi. Allahumma ajirni min zamhareeri jahannam’

There is no God besides Allah Ta‘ala. How severe is the cold of this day! Oh Allah save me from the cold of Jahannam.

Dua when it rains hard

اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا اللَّهُمَّ عَلَى الْأَكَامِ وَالْأَجَامِ وَالظِّرَابِ وَالْأَوديَةِ وَمَنَابِت الشَّجَرِ

O Allah, let it rain around us and not on us. O Allah, let it rain on the peaks and mountains and the rivers and at the forests. (Tirmidhi, Bukhari, Muslim)

When it rained the Messenger of Allah (peace be on him) would say:

اللَّهُمَّ صَيِّبًا نَافِعًا

Allahummaj-‘alhu soyyiban naafi’an

“O Allah, make it a beneficial rain.” (Bukhari)

Dua when there are heavy winds

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا ، وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا ، وَخَيْرَ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ ،

وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا ، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا ، وَشَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ

allaahumma innee as’aluka khayrahaa, wa khayra maa feehaa, wa khayra maa ursilat bih, wa a‛oodhu bika min sharrihaa, wa sharri maa feehaa, wa sharri maa ursilat bih

O Allah, I ask You for it’s goodness, the good within it, and the good it was sent with, And I seek refuge with You from it’s evil, the evil within it, and from the evil it was sent with. (Muslim)

اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رَحْمَةً وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا عَذَابَاً اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رِيَاحَاً وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا رِيحَاً

O Allah, let it be a mercy and not a punishment. O Allah make it a beneficial and not a destructive wind. (Mishkat, weak narration)

The Prophet (peace be on him) said:

الرِّيحُ مِنْ روح الله تَأْتِي بِالرَّحْمَةِ وَبِالْعَذَابِ، فَلَا تَسُبُّوهَا، وَسَلُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا، وَعُوذُوا بِهِ مِنْ شَرِّهَا

“The wind comes from God’s mercy bringing blessing and punishment, so do not revile it, but ask God for some of its good and seek refuge in Him from its evil. (Abu Dawoud, Ibn Majah and Al Bayhaqi)

If there is a darkness with the heavy wind, also recite Surah Falaq and Surah Naas. (Mishkat)